{"id":2254,"date":"2026-11-01T11:19:31","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T11:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prwatech.in\/blog\/?p=2254"},"modified":"2026-11-02T14:23:49","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T14:23:49","slug":"uniform-distribution-tutorial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prwatech.in\/blog\/data-science\/data-science-modules\/uniform-distribution-tutorial\/","title":{"rendered":"Uniform Distribution tutorial"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><strong><b>Uniform Distribution: Definition, Formula and Examples<\/b><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">You roll a fair die. Each face from 1 to 6 has exactly the same chance. Now think of a bus that comes at some random moment in a 15 minute window. Any moment is as likely as any other. These two situations look different, but they share one idea: no outcome is favoured. That idea is the uniform distribution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">It is the simplest probability distribution, and also one of the most useful. Random number generators produce uniform values, simulations start from them, and they are a fair way to say we know the range but nothing else. Understanding it also makes the harder distributions, such as the normal, easier to follow.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">In this tutorial you will learn what a uniform distribution is, the difference between the discrete and continuous kinds, the formulas for probability, mean, variance and standard deviation, a worked example that corrects an error that is common online, real examples, and Python code to check it all. If you are new to the topic, read our random variable tutorial first.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: bold; color: #0f2a4a; margin: 36px 0 12px;\">What is a Uniform Distribution?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">A uniform distribution is a probability distribution in which every outcome in the range is equally likely. The word is exact: not nearly equal, but equal. When you draw its graph, you get a flat, rectangular shape, so it is also called a rectangular distribution.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 16px 0 24px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; border: 1px solid #d9e0ea; border-radius: 8px;\" src=\"https:\/\/prwatech.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/UD.png\" alt=\"Uniform distribution in data science\" width=\"850\" height=\"607\" \/><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: bold; color: #0f2a4a; margin: 36px 0 12px;\">Types of Uniform Distribution<\/h2>\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #d9e0ea; border-radius: 8px; overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; min-width: 760px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; color: #1f2937;\">\n<caption style=\"caption-side: top; text-align: left; padding: 14px 16px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 17px; color: #0f2a4a;\">Discrete and continuous uniform distribution compared<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38; width: 200px;\" scope=\"col\">Feature<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38;\" scope=\"col\">Discrete uniform<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38;\" scope=\"col\">Continuous uniform<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Values<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">A countable set, such as 1 to 6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Any value between a and b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f8fc;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Example<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">A fair die, a lottery number<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Waiting time for a bus that comes at a random moment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Probability of one value<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">The same for every value, 1 divided by n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Zero for any single exact value<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f8fc;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Described by<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Probability mass function<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Probability density function<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Graph<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; vertical-align: top;\">Bars of equal height<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; vertical-align: top;\">A flat line, a rectangle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 1.35; font-weight: bold; color: #0f2a4a; margin: 28px 0 10px;\">Discrete Uniform Distribution<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">A discrete uniform variable takes a fixed number of separate values, and each has the same probability. If there are n values, each has probability 1 divided by n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">Example: a fair die has n = 6. For x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, P(X = x) = 1 divided by 6, which is about 0.1667. The live page says the uniform distribution variable is 1 over 6. To be exact, it is the probability of each outcome that equals 1 over 6. The variable itself is the number shown.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">For the die, the mean is 3.5. The variance is (n squared minus 1) divided by 12 = 35 divided by 12 = 2.9167, and the standard deviation is 1.7078.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 1.35; font-weight: bold; color: #0f2a4a; margin: 28px 0 10px;\">Continuous Uniform Distribution<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">A continuous uniform variable can take any value between a lower limit a and an upper limit b. The density is the same everywhere inside the range, and zero outside.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 0 0 16px; padding: 12px 16px; background: #f5f8fc; border-left: 4px solid #0f2a4a; border-radius: 4px; overflow-x: auto; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: bold; color: #0f2a4a;\">Density f(x) = 1 divided by (b minus a), for x between a and b<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 16px 0 24px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; border: 1px solid #d9e0ea; border-radius: 8px;\" src=\"https:\/\/prwatech.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/crd.png\" alt=\"Continuous uniform random distribution formula\" width=\"850\" height=\"151\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">The height of the rectangle is 1 divided by (b minus a), and its width is (b minus a), so the total area is 1, as any probability distribution needs. For a range from 1 to 4, the width is 3, and the height is 1 divided by 3, about 0.3333.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">To find the probability of a range, multiply the height by the width of the range you want. For example, P(2 &lt; X &lt; 3) = 1 divided by 3 = 0.3333. The probability of any one exact value is zero, because it has no width.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: bold; color: #0f2a4a; margin: 36px 0 12px;\">How to Calculate the Uniform Random Variable: Mean, Variance and Standard Deviation<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin: 16px 0 24px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; border: 1px solid #d9e0ea; border-radius: 8px;\" src=\"https:\/\/prwatech.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ud1.jpg\" alt=\"Uniform random variable formula\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #d9e0ea; border-radius: 8px; overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; min-width: 760px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; color: #1f2937;\">\n<caption style=\"caption-side: top; text-align: left; padding: 14px 16px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 17px; color: #0f2a4a;\">Mean, variance and standard deviation formulas<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38; width: 200px;\" scope=\"col\">Measure<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38;\" scope=\"col\">Continuous, between a and b<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38;\" scope=\"col\">Discrete, n values<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Mean<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">(a plus b) divided by 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">(first plus last) divided by 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f8fc;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Variance<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">(b minus a) squared divided by 12<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">(n squared minus 1) divided by 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Standard deviation<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; vertical-align: top;\">(b minus a) divided by the square root of 12<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; vertical-align: top;\">The square root of the variance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: bold; color: #0f2a4a; margin: 36px 0 12px;\">Uniform Distribution Example: Standard Deviation Between 1 and 4<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin: 16px 0 24px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; border: 1px solid #d9e0ea; border-radius: 8px;\" src=\"https:\/\/prwatech.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ud2.jpg\" alt=\"Uniform distribution tutorial, example\" width=\"850\" height=\"705\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">Question: a variable is uniformly distributed between 1 and 4. Find its mean, variance and standard deviation.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0 0 16px; padding-left: 28px; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">The limits are a = 1 and b = 4, so b minus a = 3.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">Mean = (1 plus 4) divided by 2 = 2.5.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">Variance = 3 squared divided by 12 = 9 divided by 12 = 0.75.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">Standard deviation = the square root of 0.75 = 0.866.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">The live page gives 0.75 as the standard deviation. That is the variance. The standard deviation is the square root of it, 0.866. I checked this with SciPy, and with a simulation of one million random values, which gave a mean of 2.5 and a standard deviation of 0.866.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: bold; color: #0f2a4a; margin: 36px 0 12px;\">A Real Example: Waiting for a Bus<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">Suppose a bus arrives at some random time within a 15 minute window, and you reach the stop at a random moment inside it. Your wait is uniform between 0 and 15 minutes. This is my own example, and it assumes that the arrival moment is truly random.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #d9e0ea; border-radius: 8px; overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; min-width: 640px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; color: #1f2937;\">\n<caption style=\"caption-side: top; text-align: left; padding: 14px 16px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 17px; color: #0f2a4a;\">Waiting for a bus: key figures<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38; width: 300px;\" scope=\"col\">Question<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38;\" scope=\"col\">Answer<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Average wait<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">7.5 minutes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f8fc;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Standard deviation of the wait<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">4.33 minutes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Chance of waiting more than 10 minutes<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; vertical-align: top;\">0.3333, which is 5 divided by 15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">Other places you will meet the uniform distribution: random number generators, which produce numbers between 0 and 1, rounding errors, and the first step of simulations, where uniform random numbers are turned into other distributions.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: bold; color: #0f2a4a; margin: 36px 0 12px;\">Check It in Python<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">I ran the code below, and the output is real. In SciPy, uniform takes a starting point, called loc, and a width, called scale, so the range from 1 to 4 is loc = 1 and scale = 3.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 20px 0; border: 1px solid #d9e0ea; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; padding: 8px 16px;\">python<\/div>\n<pre style=\"margin: 0; padding: 16px; color: #1f2937; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; overflow-x: auto; white-space: pre; background: #f5f8fc;\">import numpy as np\r\nfrom scipy.stats import uniform\r\n\r\nd = uniform(loc=1, scale=3)\r\nprint(\"Mean:\", d.mean(), \" Variance:\", round(float(d.var()), 4), \" SD:\", round(float(d.std()), 4))\r\nprint(\"P(2 &lt; X &lt; 3):\", round(float(d.cdf(3) - d.cdf(2)), 4))\r\nprint(\"P(X &gt; 3.5):\", round(float(1 - d.cdf(3.5)), 4))\r\n\r\nrng = np.random.default_rng(1)\r\nx = rng.uniform(1, 4, 1_000_000)\r\nprint(\"Simulated mean:\", round(float(x.mean()), 3), \" SD:\", round(float(x.std()), 3))<\/pre>\n<div style=\"background: #1f2937; color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; padding: 8px 16px;\">output<\/div>\n<pre style=\"margin: 0; padding: 16px; color: #1f2937; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; overflow-x: auto; white-space: pre; background: #ffffff;\">Mean: 2.5  Variance: 0.75  SD: 0.866\r\nP(2 &lt; X &lt; 3): 0.3333\r\nP(X &gt; 3.5): 0.1667\r\nSimulated mean: 2.5  SD: 0.866<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">Rolling a die 600,000 times in the same way gave a share of 0.166 to 0.167 for every face, close to the exact 0.1667.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: bold; color: #0f2a4a; margin: 36px 0 12px;\">Uniform Distribution and Normal Distribution<\/h2>\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #d9e0ea; border-radius: 8px; overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; min-width: 760px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; color: #1f2937;\">\n<caption style=\"caption-side: top; text-align: left; padding: 14px 16px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 17px; color: #0f2a4a;\">Uniform and normal distribution compared<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38; width: 200px;\" scope=\"col\">Feature<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38;\" scope=\"col\">Uniform<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38;\" scope=\"col\">Normal<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Shape<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Flat, a rectangle<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Bell shaped<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f8fc;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Which values are likelier<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">None, all are equal<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Values near the mean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Tails<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Stop sharply at a and b<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Stretch out without a hard end<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f8fc;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Defined by<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">The limits a and b<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">The mean and the standard deviation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Use when<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; vertical-align: top;\">You know the range and nothing else<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; vertical-align: top;\">Data clusters around an average<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: bold; color: #0f2a4a; margin: 36px 0 12px;\">Common Mistakes<\/h2>\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #d9e0ea; border-radius: 8px; overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; min-width: 900px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; color: #1f2937;\">\n<caption style=\"caption-side: top; text-align: left; padding: 14px 16px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 17px; color: #0f2a4a;\">Common mistakes and the fix<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38; width: 420px;\" scope=\"col\">Mistake<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0f2a4a; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0b1f38;\" scope=\"col\">Fix<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Reporting the variance as the standard deviation<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Take the square root of the variance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f8fc;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Saying the outcomes are nearly equal<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">They are exactly equally likely<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Using the discrete formula for a continuous range<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Use (b minus a) squared divided by 12 for continuous data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f8fc;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Asking for P(X = one exact value) in a continuous case<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Ask for a range<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Forgetting that SciPy uses loc and scale, not a and b<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e9f0; vertical-align: top;\">Set scale to b minus a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f8fc;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px 16px; color: #0f2a4a; vertical-align: top;\" scope=\"row\">Treating any random sample as uniform<\/th>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; vertical-align: top;\">Check the shape of the data first<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: bold; color: #0f2a4a; margin: 36px 0 12px;\">Practice Questions<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0 0 16px; padding-left: 28px; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">X is uniform between 0 and 10. Find the mean, the variance and the standard deviation.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">For the same X, find P(2 &lt; X &lt; 5).<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">A fair ten sided die has faces 1 to 10. Find its variance.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1f2937; margin: 0 0 16px;\">Answers: 1) Mean 5, variance 100 divided by 12 = 8.33, standard deviation 2.89. 2) The width is 3 and the density is 1 divided by 10, so the probability is 0.3. 3) (10 squared minus 1) divided by 12 = 99 divided by 12 = 8.25. These are my own calculations, so please recheck them before publishing.<\/p>\n<p>The uniform distribution is easy, so it is a good place to build habits: write the range, find the density, multiply by the width, and take the square root for the standard deviation. Check your answer with a quick simulation. Then move on to the normal distribution with a clear baseline.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uniform Distribution: Definition, Formula and Examples You roll a fair die. Each face from 1 to 6 has exactly the same chance. Now think of a bus that comes at some random moment in a 15 minute window. Any moment is as likely as any other. These two situations look different, but they share one [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,1704],"tags":[106,107,105,104,108],"class_list":["post-2254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-data-science","category-data-science-modules","tag-types-of-uniform-distribution","tag-uniform-distribution-example","tag-uniform-distribution-formula","tag-uniform-distribution-in-data-science","tag-uniform-distribution-tutorial-in-data-science"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Uniform Distribution tutorial with examples | Prwatech<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Uniform Distribution tutorial, different types of uniform probability distributions in Data Science with 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