Naive Bayes Classifier in Machine Learning

Naive Bayes Classifier in Machine Learning, in this Tutorial one can learn naive bayes classifier tutorial. Are you the one who is looking for the best platform which provides information about know How Naive Bayes Algorithm Works,introduction to naive bayes algorithm, naive bayes classifier example? Or the one who is looking forward to taking the advanced Data Science Certification Course with Machine Learning from India’s Leading Data Science Training institute? Then you’ve landed on the Right Path. Bayes theorem finds many uses within the applied mathematics and statistics. There’s a micro chance that you just just haven't heard about this theorem in your life. seems that this theorem has found its way into the planet of machine learning, to make one in all the highly decorated algorithms. Naive Bayes may be a probabilistic machine learning algorithm supported the Bayes Theorem, utilized in a good style of classification tasks. The Below mentioned naive bayes classifier Tutorial will help to Understand the detailed information about Naive Bayes Classifier in Machine Learning, so Just follow all the tutorials of India’s Leading Best Data Science Training institute in Bangalore and Be a Pro Data Scientist or Machine Learning Engineer.

Introduction to Naive Bayes Algorithm

Naive Bayes is a classification technique which is based on Bayes’ Theorem. It holds the assumption of independence among predictors. Bayes’ Theorem is a way of calculating a probability when we know certain other probabilities. The formula is:

P(A|B) = (P(A)* P(B|A)) / P(B)

P(A|B): indicates how often A happens, given that B occurs. P(B|A): indicates how often B happens, given that A occurs. P(A): Indicates how A is on its own. P(B): Indicates how B is on its own. Let us say P(Rain) means how often there is Rain, and P(Cloudy) means how often we see Cloudy weather, then: P(Rain|cloudy) means how often there is rain when we can see cloudy weather. P(Cloudy|Rain) means how often we can see cloudy weather when there is rain. So, the formula kind of tells us "forwards" P(Rain|Cloudy) when we know "backwards" P(Cloudy|Rain). Naive Bayes classifiers are an assembly of classification algorithms based on Bayes’ Theorem. Unlike single algorithms, it is a family of algorithms where all algorithms will share a mutual principle of having pair of independent features being classified.

Naive Bayes Classifier Example

To start with, let us consider a data set.

	Outlook	Temperature	humidity	windy	Cricket
0	Rainy	Hot	High	False	No
1	Rainy	Hot	High	True	No
2	Overcast	Hot	High	False	Yes
3	Sunny	Mild	High	False	Yes
4	Sunny	Cool	Normal	False	Yes
5	Sunny	Cool	Normal	True	No
6	Overcast	Cool	Normal	True	Yes
7	Rainy	Mild	High	False	No
8	Rainy	Cool	Normal	False	Yes
9	Sunny	Mild	Normal	False	Yes
10	Rainy	Mild	Normal	True	Yes
11	Overcast	Mild	High	True	Yes
12	Overcast	Hot	Normal	False	Yes
13	Sunny	Mild	High	True	No

Let’s divide the set into two parts. One part is of features, which is feature matrix and one part is nothing but the target column which is also called response vector. In this example the features included in feature matrix are ‘Outlook’, ‘Temperature’, ‘Humidity’ and ‘Windy’. Response vector contains the value of target variable which is to be predicted for each row of feature matrix. In this example the column named ‘Cricket’ is a response vector. The fundamental Naïve Bayes assumes, each feature makes independent as well as equal contribution to the outcome.

This concept can be understood with relation to our data set as follows:

We assume that there is no any pair with dependent features. Example, the temperature categorized as ‘Hot’ has no dependency on humidity or the view being ‘Rainy’ has no effect on the winds. So, the features are expected to be self-governing. And each feature is given the same weight. In this example, knowing only temperature and humidity we can’t forecast the outcome precisely. None of the attributes is immaterial and assumed to be contributing equally to the outcome. There is needed to make some assumptions in case of continuous data, regarding the distribution of values of each feature. Based on the assumptions made regarding the distribution of P (xi | y), Naive Bayes Classifiers differ from each other.

How Naive Bayes Algorithm Works?

Now, we discuss one of such classifiers here. In case of above example, let’s indicate dependent vector by ‘y’ and the set of the features as X where it contains features as: Now we can apply Bayes theorem as Suppose we consider a case. X= sunny, mild, Normal, False So now we have to predict Y In case of probability that cricket will be played And in case of probability of not playing cricket we can write equation as: After mathematical calculation (with reference of probability concept we can calculate probability of each feature with respect to dependent variable conditions (for y) ‘Yes’ and ‘No’. So, finally for combination of:  X= sunny, mild, Normal, False We will get the predicted value of Y As Y= Yes In this example the data given was of discrete type. What if the data is having continuous nature? For that purpose, we have to apply Gaussian Naive Bayes. The different naive Bayes classifiers have different assumptions regarding the distribution of only by the assumptions they make regarding the distribution of P (xi | y).

Gaussian Naive Bayes Classifier

Continuous values related to each feature are assumed to be distributed according to a Gaussian distribution in Gaussian Naive Bayes. A Gaussian distribution is known as Normal distribution. It gives a bell-shaped curve, after plotting, which is symmetric about the mean of the feature values. It can be shown as follows: The probability of the features is considered to be Gaussian. The corresponding conditional probability is given by: Now, we will try to implement Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier with scikit-learn.

# Initializing and importing libraries. Loading file

Import pandas as pd Df= pd.read_csv(“Your file Path”)

# Allotting variables for the feature matrix as(X) and response vector as (y)

X = df.drop([‘Outcome’],axis=’columns’) y = df[[‘Outcome’]]

# Now splitting X and y into training and testing sets

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.25, random_state=0)

# Importing Gaussian from sklearn.naive_bayes

from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB gnb = GaussianNB() gnb.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Testing for test set.

y_pred = gnb.predict(X_test)

# Getting accuracy of prediction

Acc_NB = metrics.accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred) from sklearn import metrics print ("Gaussian Naive Bayes model accuracy:", Acc_NB*100) Gaussian Naive Bayes model accuracy: 79.16666666666666 We hope you understand Naive Bayes Classifier in Machine Learning.Get success in your career as a Data Scientist by being a part of the Prwatech, India's leading Data Science training institute in Bangalore.